Fig. 1. Scheme of the conventional two-stage Balb/c 3T3 cellular transformation assay with the metal mixture. Metal mixture: 2 μM NaAsO₂, 2μM CdCl₂, and 5 μM Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂3H₂O; MNNG: positive initiator; TPA: positive promoter. Modified from Tsuchiya et al., 2005 and Silva-Aguilar et al., 2011.